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CARVIN USA TRx3210

LINE ARRAY

3-Way Design

The 3-way design, with the operating frequency range divided into the low frequency band (80 Hz - 600 Hz), lo/mid band (80 Hz - 1500 Hz) and the very-high frequency band (1.5 kHz – 18.5 kHz) , offers high 131 dB SPL levels yielding perfect intelligibility. Continuous power: 500w, program: 1000w, peak: 2,000w. Impedance: 8 ohms.

TRx3210 Features

- High SPL
- Extremely low distortion
- Eastern Maple hardwood PurePath™ horn lens
- Passive crossover with bi-amp or full range switch
- DuraTex™ weather & UV resistant tour-tough finish
- 15mm Russian Baltic Birch 13-ply hardwood cabinet
- Flyable up to 16 enclosures with optional SureFly™ rigging
- Stackable up to 6 enclosures - no hardware required
- Dimensions: 23.6" wide x 11.8" high x 14.8" deep
- Weight: 50 lbs
- Made in the USA

System Type: Dual 10 Inch 3-Way, Reflex
Frequency Response: 17 Hz - 18.5 kHz (-10DB)
85 Hz - 16 kHz (-3 dB)
Coverage Pattern: 100H x 10V (number of cabinets changes vertical pattern)
Crossover: 3-Way Quasi with Speaker Guard™ HF protection
Crossover Frequency: 1.5 kHz (600 Hz LP one 10 Inch)
Power: Full Range 500w continuous /1000w program /2000w peak
Recommended Amplifier Power: 500 - 1000w
Sensitivity (1w @ 1m): 98dB
Maximum SPL: 125 dB Continuous / 131 dB Peak
LF Driver: two 10 Inch, 2 Inch Voice Coil
HF Driver: 1-inch exit, 1.75 inch voice coil
Nominal Impedance Full Range: 8 ohms
Bi-amp LF: 8 ohms 400w /800w /1600w
Bi-amp HF: 8 ohms 90w /180w /360w
Enclosure: 13 ply Russian Baltic Birch
Suspension/Mounting: 7 captive 3/8in-16 nut fly points, Optional SureFly™ rigging, Two 1-3/8 pole mount cups
Finish: Black DuraTex™
Transport: 2 Recessed Handles
Grill: Black Powder-Coated Steel, Acoustically Transparent Foam Backing
Connectors: Two NL-4 Neutrik Speakons
Dimensions: 11.5" (295mm) high, 23.5" (600mm) wide, 14" (370mm) deep
Net Weight: 50 lbs (23 kg) without hardware
Rigging Accessories SureFly™ rigging kit
SureFly™ T-bar hanging kit
TCSHK10 3/8-16 Eyebolt
TCSHK15 3/8-16 Quicklink™
Made in San Diego, CA

LYNX

Line Array LX-V8

Recinto Line Array autoamplificado de dos vías en carga frontal y configuración en V, utiliza dos altavoces de 8” con cono y suspensión de Nomex y grupo magnético de neodimio más dos motores de compresión en guías de ondas independientes de 1” con diafragma de titanio y grupo magnético de neodimio. DSP interno, 2500 W de amplificación en clase D y fuente de alimentación conmutada, 134db SPL, sistema de inclinómetro integrado.

Aplicaciones
PA de Directo para interior
Grandes salas de concierto
Estadios deportivos
Teatros
Auditorios
Locales de culto
Iglesias
Discotecas de gran tamaño

Especificaciones
Componentes LF/MF 2 x 8" neodimio, cono custom de Nomex - HF 2 x 1" diafragma de Titaniocon guí de ondas individual.
Rango de Frecuencias 65Hz - 20KHz
Respuesta de Frecuencias 75Hz - 18KHz ± 3dB
SPL máximo 131dB / 134 dB pico 1w @ 1m
Cobertura 90º H x V según configuración del array
Potencia 2500 W Clase D con fuente de alimentación conmutada.
Amplificador LF/MF 2 x 1000 W
Amplificador HF 1 x 500 W
Procesador 56 bit Lynx dspb-22
Control interno Inclinación de la caja - temperatura - Velocidad ventilación
Conectores de Control Ethernet (OMS) opcional / USB (programación DSP)
Red alimentación AC 230V / 115V seleccionable. 50/60 Hz 5A
Conectores AC 16A Powercon Neutrik con salida enlazada
Acabado Pintura negra al agua de alta resistencia
Construcción Madera contraplacada de abedul 15mm
Dimensiones (Al x An x P) 260 x 908 x 505 mm
Peso 43 Kg

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01V96i

Sound is a mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas,
composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a level sufficiently strong to be heard, or the sensation stimulated in organs of hearing by such vibrations.^[1]

[hide]

1 Propagation of sound

2 Perception of sound

3 Physics of sound
- 3.1 Longitudinal and transverse waves
- 3.2 Sound wave properties and characteristics
- 3.3 Speed of sound
- 3.4 Acoustics
- 3.5 Noise

4 Sound pressure level

5 Equipment for dealing with sound

6 Sound measurement

7 See also

8 References

9 External links

Propagation of sound

Sound is a sequence of waves of pressure that propagates through compressible media such as air or water. (Sound can propagate through solids as well, but there are additional modes of propagation). During propagation, waves can be reflected, refracted, or attenuated by the medium.^[2]

The behavior of sound propagation is generally affected by three things:

A relationship between density and pressure. This relationship, affected by temperature, determines the speed of sound within the medium.
The propagation is also affected by the motion of the medium itself. For example, sound moving through wind. Independent of the motion of sound through the medium, if the medium is moving, the sound is further transported.
The viscosity of the medium also affects the motion of sound waves. It determines the rate at which sound is attenuated. For many media, such as air or water, attenuation due to viscosity is negligible.

When sound is moving through a medium that does not have constant physical properties, it may be refracted (either dispersed or focused).^[2]

Perception of sound

Human ear

The perception of sound in any organism is limited to a certain range of frequencies. For humans, hearing is normally limited to frequencies between about 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz (20 kHz)^[3], although these limits are not definite. The upper limit generally decreases with age. Other species have a different range of hearing. For example, dogs can perceive vibrations higher than 20 kHz, but are deaf to anything below 40 Hz. As a signal perceived by one of the majorsenses, sound is used by many species for detecting danger, navigation, predation, and communication. Earth's atmosphere, water, and virtually anyphysical phenomenon, such as fire, rain, wind, surf, or earthquake, produces (and is characterized by) its unique sounds. Many species, such as frogs,birds, marine and terrestrial mammals, have also developed special organs to produce sound. In some species, these produce song and speech. Furthermore, humans have developed culture and technology (such as music, telephone and radio) that allows them to generate, record, transmit, and broadcast sound. The scientific study of human sound perception is known as psychoacoustics.

Physics of sound

The mechanical vibrations that can be interpreted as sound are able to travel through all forms of matter: gases, liquids, solids, and plasmas. The matter that supports the sound is called the medium. Sound cannot travel through a vacuum.

Longitudinal and transverse waves

Sinusoidal waves of various frequencies; the bottom waves have higher frequencies than those above. The horizontal axis represents time.

Sound is transmitted through gases, plasma, and liquids as longitudinal waves, also called compressionwaves. Through solids, however, it can be transmitted as both longitudinal waves and transverse waves. Longitudinal sound waves are waves of alternating pressure deviations from the equilibrium pressure, causing local regions of compression and rarefaction, whiletransverse waves (in solids) are waves of alternating shear stress at right angle to the direction of propagation.

Matter in the medium is periodically displaced by a sound wave, and thus oscillates. The energy carried by the sound wave converts back and forth between the potential energy of the extra compression (in case of longitudinal waves) or lateral displacement strain (in case of transverse waves) of the matter and the kinetic energy of the oscillations of the medium.

Sound wave properties and characteristics

Sound waves are often simplified to a description in terms of sinusoidal plane waves, which are characterized by these generic properties:

Frequency, or its inverse, the period
Wavelength
Wavenumber
Amplitude
Sound pressure
Sound intensity
Speed of sound
Direction

Sometimes speed and direction are combined as a velocity vector; wavenumber and direction are combined as a wave vector.

Transverse waves, also known as shear waves, have the additional property, polarization, and are not a characteristic of sound waves.

Speed of sound

U.S. Navy F/A-18 breaking the sound barrier. The white halo is formed by condensed water droplets thought to result from a drop in air pressure around the aircraft (see Prandtl-Glauert Singularity).^[4]^[5]

Main article: Speed of sound

The speed of sound depends on the medium the waves pass through, and is a fundamental property of the material. In general, the speed of sound is proportional to the square root of the ratio of the elastic modulus (stiffness) of the medium to its density. Those physical properties and the speed of sound change with ambient conditions. For example, the speed of sound in gases depends on temperature. In 20 °C (68 °F) air at the sea level, the speed of sound is approximately 343 m/s (1,230 km/h; 767 mph) using the formula "v = (331 + 0.6 T) m/s". In fresh water, also at 20 °C, the speed of sound is approximately 1,482 m/s (5,335 km/h; 3,315 mph). In steel, the speed of sound is about 5,960 m/s (21,460 km/h; 13,330 mph).^[6] The speed of sound is also slightly sensitive (a second-order anharmonic effect) to the sound amplitude, which means that there are nonlinear propagation effects, such as the production of harmonics and mixed tones not present in the original sound (see parametric array).

Acoustics

Main article: Acoustics

Acoustics is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound. A scientist who works in the field of acoustics is an acoustician while someone working in the field of acoustics technology may be called an acoustical or audio engineer. The application of acoustics can be seen in almost all aspects of modern society with the most obvious being the audio and noise control industries.

Noise

Main article: Noise

Noise is a term often used to refer to an unwanted sound. In science and engineering, noise is an undesirable component that obscures a wanted signal.

Sound pressure level

Main article: Sound pressure

Sound measurements
Sound pressure p, SPL
Particle velocity v, SVL
Particle displacement ξ
Sound intensity I, SIL
Sound power P_ac
Sound power level SWL
Sound energy
Sound energy density E
Sound energy flux q
Acoustic impedance Z
Speed of sound c
Audio frequency AF v · d · e

Sound pressure is the difference, in a given medium, between average local pressure and the pressure in the sound wave. A square of this difference (i.e., a square of the deviation from the equilibrium pressure) is usually averaged over time and/or space, and a square root of this average provides a root mean square(RMS) value. For example, 1 Pa RMS sound pressure (94 dBSPL) in atmospheric air implies that the actual pressure in the sound wave oscillates between (1 atm $-\sqrt{2}$ Pa) and (1 atm $+\sqrt{2}$ Pa), that is between 101323.6 and 101326.4 Pa. Such a tiny (relative to atmospheric) variation in air pressure at an audio frequency is perceived as a deafening sound, and can cause hearing damage, according to the table below.

As the human ear can detect sounds with a wide range of amplitudes, sound pressure is often measured as a level on a logarithmic decibel scale. The sound pressure level (SPL) or L_p is defined as

$L_\mathrm{p}=10\, \log_{10}\left(\frac{{p}^2}{{p_\mathrm{ref}}^2}\right) =20\, \log_{10}\left(\frac{p}{p_\mathrm{ref}}\right)\mbox{ dB}\,$

where p is the root-mean-square sound pressure and

p ref

is a reference sound pressure. Commonly used reference sound pressures, defined in the standard ANSI S1.1-1994, are 20 µPa in air and 1 µPa in water. Without a specified reference sound pressure, a value expressed in decibels cannot represent a sound pressure level.

Since the human ear does not have a flat spectral response, sound pressures are often frequency weighted so that the measured level matches perceived levels more closely. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has defined several weighting schemes. A-weighting attempts to match the response of the human ear to noise and A-weighted sound pressure levels are labeled dBA. C-weighting is used to measure peak levels.

Equipment for dealing with sound

Equipment for generating or using sound includes musical instruments, hearing aids, sonar systems and sound reproduction and broadcasting equipment. Many of these use electro-acoustic transducers such as microphones and loudspeakers.

Sound measurement

Decibel, Sone, mel, Phon, Hertz
Sound pressure level, Sound pressure
Particle velocity, Acoustic velocity
Particle displacement, Particle amplitude, Particle acceleration
Sound power, Acoustic power, Sound power level
Sound energy flux
Sound intensity, Acoustic intensity, Sound intensity level
Acoustic impedance, Sound impedance, Characteristic impedance
Speed of sound, Amplitude

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